Understanding 3-Phase Power
Three-phase power is the standard for commercial and industrial electrical systems. Understanding 3-phase wire sizing is essential for engineers, electricians, and facility managers.
3-Phase Basics
Three-phase systems offer advantages over single-phase:
- More power delivery for the same wire size
- Constant power (no zero crossings)
- Better motor starting characteristics
- More efficient power transmission
Common 3-Phase Voltages
Standard three-phase voltages in North America:
- 208V (Wye): Common in commercial buildings
- 480V (Wye/Delta): Standard industrial voltage
- 240V (Delta): Older industrial installations
Wire Sizing Calculations
3-phase calculations differ from single-phase due to the 1.732 factor.
3-Phase Formula
For voltage drop: VD = 1.732 × I × R × L (versus 2 × I × R × L for single-phase)
Neutral and Ground Sizing
Neutral and ground conductor sizing requirements:
- Balanced 3-phase loads may have reduced neutral
- Non-linear loads require full-sized neutral
- Ground sized per NEC Table 250.122
- Consider harmonics in modern installations
Motor Circuit Sizing
3-phase motors require specific sizing considerations per NEC Article 430.
Important
3-phase electrical work requires professional knowledge. Always consult with a licensed electrician for commercial and industrial installations.
Conclusion
Three-phase wire sizing requires understanding of phase relationships, voltage levels, and specific NEC requirements. Proper sizing ensures efficient operation and code compliance.
Use our Wire Gauge Calculator to calculate 3-phase wire requirements.